In my previous post Secure ASP.NET Web API 2 using Azure Active Directory I’ve covered how to protect Web API end points using bearer tokens issued by Azure Active Directory, and how to build a desktop application which acts as a Client. This Client gets the access token from the Authorization Server (Azure Active Directory) then use this bearer access token to call a protected resource exits in our Resource Server (ASP.NET Web API).
Initially I was looking to build the client application by using AngularJS (SPA) but I failed to do so because at the time of writing the previous post Azure Active Directory Authentication Library (ADAL) didn’t support OAuth 2.0 Implicit Grant which is the right OAuth grant that should be used when building applications running in browsers.
The live AngularJS demo application is hosted on Azure (User: ADAL@taiseerjoudeharamex.onmicrosoft.com/ Pass: AngularJS!!), the source code for this tutorial on GitHub.
So I had discussion with Vittorio Bertocci and Attila Hajdrik on twitter about this limitation in ADAL and Vittorio promised that this feature is coming soon, and yes ADAL now supports OAuth 2.0 Implicit Grant and integrating it with your AngularJS is very simple, I recommend you to watch Vittorio video introduction on Channel 9 before digging into this tutorial.
@attilah Azure AD does not support the implicit flow (yet) hence using it from JavaScript means doing hacks. Stay tuned tho!
— Vittorio (@vibronet) April 9, 2014
AngularJS Authentication Using Azure Active Directory Authentication Library (ADAL)
What is OAuth 2.0 Implicit Grant?
In simple words the implicit grant is optimized for public clients (can not store secrets) and those clients are built using JavaScript and they run in browsers. There is no client authentication happening here and the only factors should be presented to obtain an access token is the resource owner credentials and pre-registration for the redirection URI with the Authorization server. This redirect URI will be used to receive the access token issued by the Authorization server in a form of URI fragment.
What we’ll build in this tutorial?
In this tutorial we’ll build simple SPA application using AngularJS along with ADAL for JS which provides a very comprehensive abstraction for the Implicit Grant we described earlier. This SPA will communicate with a protected Resource Server (Web API) to get list of orders, and will request the access token from our Authorization Server (Azure Active Directory).
In order to follow along with this tutorial I’ve created a sample skeleton project which contains the basic code needed to run our AngularJS application and the Web API without adding any feature related to the security. So I recommend you to download it first so you can follow along with the steps below.
The NuGet packages I used in this project are:
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Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi -Version 5.2.2 Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Owin -Version 5.2.2 Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb -Version 3.0.0 Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Security.ActiveDirectory -Version 3.0.0 |
Step 1: Register the Web API into Azure Active Directory
Open Azure Management Portal in order to register our Web API as an application in our Azure Active Directory, to do so and after your successful login to Azure Management Portal, click on “Active Directory” in the left hand navigation menu, choose your active directory tenant you want to register your Web API with, then select the “Applications” tab, then click on the add icon at bottom of the page. Once the modal window shows as the image below select “Add an application my organization is developing”.
Then a wizard of 2 steps will show up asking you to select the type of the app you want to add, in our case we are currently adding a Web API so select “Web Application and/or Web API”, then provide a name for the application, in my case I’ll call it “AngularJSAuthADAL”, then click next.
In the second step as the image below we need to fill two things, the Sign-On URL which is usually will be your base URL for your Web API, so in my case it will be “http://localhost:10966”, and the second field APP ID URI will usually be filled with a URI that Azure AD can use for this app, it usually take the form of “http://<your_AD_tenant_name>/<your_app_friendly_name>” so we will replace this with the correct values for my app and will be filed as “http://taiseerjoudeharamex.onmicrosoft.com/AngularJSAuthADAL” then click OK.
Step 2: Enable Implicit Grant for the Application
After our Web API has been added to Azure Active Directory apps, we need enable the implicit grant. To do so we need to change our Web API configuring using the application manifest. Basically the application manifest is a JSON file that represents our application identity configuration.
So as the image below and after you navigate to the app we’ve added click on “Manage Manifest” icon at the bottom of the page, then click on “Download Manifest”.
Open the downloaded JSON application manifest file and change the value of “oauth2AllowImplicitFlow” node to “true“. As well notice how the “replyUrls” array contains the URL which we want the token response returned to. You can read more about Web API configuration here.
After we apply this change, save the application manifest file locally then upload it again to your app using the “Upload Manifest” feature.
Step 3: Configure Web API to Accept Bearer Tokens Issued by Azure AD
Now and if you have downloaded the skeleton project right click on it and click on build to download the needed Nuget packages, if you want you can run the application and a nice SPA will be show up and the orders will be displayed as the image below because we didn’t configure the security part yet.
Now open file “Startup.cs” and paste the code below:
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public void ConfigureOAuth(IAppBuilder app) { app.UseWindowsAzureActiveDirectoryBearerAuthentication( new WindowsAzureActiveDirectoryBearerAuthenticationOptions { Audience = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ida:ClientID"], Tenant = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ida:Tenant"] }); } |
Basically what we’ve implemented here is simple, we’ve configured the Web API authentication middleware to use “Windows Azure Active Directory Bearer Tokens” for the specified Active Directory “Tenant” and “Audience” (Client Id). Now any API controller lives in this API and attribute with [Authorize] attribute will only accept bearer tokens issued from this specified Active Directory Tenant, any other form of tokens will be rejected.
It is a good practice to store the values for your Audience, Tenant, Secrets, etc… in a configuration file and not to hard-code them, so open the web.config file and add 2 new “appSettings” as the snippet below, the value for the Client Id can be read your Azure App settings.
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<appSettings> <add key="ida:Tenant" value="taiseerjoudeharamex.onmicrosoft.com" /> <add key="ida:ClientID" value="1725911b-ad8f-4295-8258-cf95ba9f7ea6" /> </appSettings> |
Step 4: Protect Orders Controller
Now open file “OrdersController” and attribute it with [Authorize] attribute, by doing this any GET request to the path “http://localhost:port/api/orders” will return status code 401 if no token provided in the Authorization header. When you apply this the orders view won’t return any data until we obtain a valid token. Orders controller code will look as the below snippet:
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[Authorize] [RoutePrefix("api/orders")] public class OrdersController : ApiController { //Rest of code is here } |
Step 5: Download ADAL JavaScript Library
Now it is time to download and use ADAL JS library which will facilitates the AngularJS authentication using the Implicit grant, so after you download the file, open page “Index.html” and add reference to it at the end of the file as the code below:
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<!-- 3rd party libraries --> <!Other JS references here --> <script src="scripts/adal.js"></script> |
Step 6: Configure our AngularJS bootstrap file (app.js)
Now open file “app.js” where we’ll inject the ADAL dependencies into our AngularJS module “AngularAuthApp”, so after you open the file change the code in it as the below:
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var app = angular.module('AngularAuthApp', ['ngRoute', 'AdalAngular']); app.config(['$routeProvider', '$httpProvider', 'adalAuthenticationServiceProvider', function ($routeProvider, $httpProvider, adalAuthenticationServiceProvider) { $routeProvider.when("/home", { controller: "homeController", templateUrl: "/app/views/home.html" }); $routeProvider.when("/orders", { controller: "ordersController", templateUrl: "/app/views/orders.html", requireADLogin: true }); $routeProvider.when("/userclaims", { templateUrl: "/app/views/userclaims.html", requireADLogin: true }); $routeProvider.otherwise({ redirectTo: "/home" }); adalAuthenticationServiceProvider.init( { tenant: 'taiseerjoudeharamex.onmicrosoft.com', clientId: '1725911b-ad8f-4295-8258-cf95ba9f7ea6' }, $httpProvider); }]); var serviceBase = 'http://localhost:10966/'; app.constant('ngAuthSettings', { apiServiceBaseUri: serviceBase }); |
What we’ve implemented is the below:
- We’ve injected the “AdalAngular” to our module “AngularAuthApp”.
- The service “adalAuthenticationServiceProvider” is now available and injected into our App configuration.
- We’ve set the property “requireADLogin” to “true” for any partial view requires authentication, by doing this if the user requested a protected view, a redirection to Azure AD tenant will take place and the user (resource owner) will be able to enter his AD credentials to authenticate.
- Lastly, we’ve set the “tenant” and “clientId” values related to our AD Application.
Step 7: Add explicit Login and Logout feature to the SPA
The ADAL Js library provide us with explicit way to login/logout the user by calling “login” function, so to add this open file named “indexController.js” and replace the code existing with the code below:
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'use strict'; app.controller('indexController', ['$scope', 'adalAuthenticationService', '$location', function ($scope, adalAuthenticationService, $location) { $scope.logOut = function () { adalAuthenticationService.logOut(); } $scope.LogIn = function () { adalAuthenticationService.login(); } }]); |
Step 8: Hide/Show links based on Authentication Status
For better user experience it will be nice if we hide the login link from the top menu when the user is already logged in, and to hide the logout link when the user is not logged in yet, to do so open file “index.html” and replace the menu items with code snippet below:
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<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" data-collapse="!navbarExpanded"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li data-ng-hide="!userInfo.isAuthenticated"><a href="#">Welcome {{userInfo.profile.given_name}}</a></li> <li><a href="#/orders">View Orders</a></li> <li data-ng-hide="!userInfo.isAuthenticated"><a href="" data-ng-click="logOut()">Logout</a></li> <li data-ng-hide="userInfo.isAuthenticated"><a href="" data-ng-click="LogIn()">Login</a></li> </ul> </div> |
Notice that we are depending on object named “userInfo” to read property named “isAuthenticated”, this object is set in the “$rootScope” in ADAL JS library so it is available globally in our AngularJS app.
By completing this step and if we tried to run the application and request the view “orders” or click on “login” link, we will be redirected to our Azure AD tenant to enter user credentials and have an access to the protected view, there is lot of abstraction happening here that needs to be clarified in the section below.
ADAL JavaScrip Flow
- Once the anonymous user request protected view (view marked with requireADLogin = true ) or hit on login link explicitly, ADAL will trigger login directly as the code highlighted here.
- The Login in ADAL library means building redirection URI to the configured Azure AD tenant we’ve defined in the “init” method in “app.js” file, the URI will contain random “state” and “nonce” to uniquely identify each request and prevent from any reply requests, as well the value for the “redirect_uri” is set the to current location of the page which should match the value we’ve defined once we registered the application, lastly the “response_type” is set to “id_token” so the authorization server should send back a JWT token contains claims about the user. The redirection URI will look as the below and code for building the redirection URI is highlighted here:
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https://login.windows.net/taiseerjoudeharamex.onmicrosoft.com/oauth2/authorize?response_type=id_token&client_id=1725911b-ad8f-4295-8258-cf95ba9f7ea6&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Fngadal.azurewebsites.net%2F&state=9cce69d3-af36-4eb4-a882-4e9b7080e90d&x-client-SKU=Js&x-client-Ver=0.0.3&nonce=d4313f89-dc4f-4590-b7fd-9bbc2b340759 |
- Now the Azure AD login page will show up for the user, then the user will be prompted to enter his AD credentials as the image blow, assuming he entered credentials correctly, a redirection will take place to the following URI containing the token as part of URI fragment not query string along with the same state and nonce specified by ADAL earlier.
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https://ngadal.azurewebsites.net/#/id_token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsIng1dCI6ImtyaU1QZG1Cdng2OHNrVDgtbVBBQjNCc2VlQSJ9.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.efAp-95yMvhLu--8TfXYwozJsc09OTsB5bneH9bvGzko6uLZj0YloDTIrVtu_SU95hOBpFvma0FOeGmsqre6DBwaLTSJDD9wTYtqmoCGwpTy_cewpS78MJ9aR-IjWx5O6K8Nt90d4ujaco5T-o2EQ4ygPx5Z6vH-sLy8t9NDVER7HtlClhRwj2uDUF-kdihh7lv5w0U7TqHZUtLkBNL2l69yY5F0Jdj0q7m81gNps6nfqfa8aypgmztpPWDJAChvwsD5r58CyGVXPKSp_2CfK0kkWasP6fmLKKi5tGPvjg-wEb2j47UVIgO8v9xIkqg8RGqnZ1lboZKa2FlCs-Jnrw&state=6ac680d1-8b3b-452a-97d2-3deddb4016fc&session_state=2d48f965-e026-4c08-9d38-2cce49ee72cb |
Note: You can extract the JSON Web token manually and debug it using JWT debugging tool to explore the claims inside it.
- Now once ADAL JS library receives this call back, it will go and extract the token from the hash fragment, try to decode this token to get user profile and other claims from it (i.e. token expiry), then store the token along with decoded claims in HTML 5 local storage so the token will not vanish if you closed the browser or do full refresh (F5) for your AngularJS application, the implementation is very similar to what we’ve covered earlier in AngularJS authentication post.
- To be able to access the protected API end points, we need to send the token in the “Authorization” header using bearer scheme, the ADAL JS provides an AngularJS interceptor which is responsible to add the Authorization header to each XHR request if there is token stored in the localStorage, these is very similar to the interceptor we’ve added before in our AngularJS Authentication post.
- If the user decided to “logout” from the system, then ADAL JS clears all the stored data in the HTML 5 local storage, so no token stored locally, then it issue redirect to the URI: https://login.windows.net/{tenantid}/oauth2/logout which will be responsible to clear the clear any session cookies created by Azure AD tenant, but remember that logging out from the system will not invalidate your token, if you extracted the token manually then it will remain valid until it expires, usually after 1 hour of the issuing time.
- ADAL JS provides a nice way to renew the token without using grant_type = refresh_token, it tries to renew the token silently by using a hidden iframe which communicates with Azure AD tenant asking for a new token if there is a valid session established by the AD tenant.
The live AngularJS demo application is hosted on Azure (ADAL@taiseerjoudeharamex.onmicrosoft.com/AngularJS!!), the source code for this tutorial on GitHub.
Conclusion
ADAL JS library really simplifies adding OAuth 2.0 Implicit grant to your SPA, it is still on developer preview release so testing it out and providing feedback will be great to enhance it.
If you have any comments or enhancement on this tutorial please drop me comment. Thanks for taking the time to read the post!
Hi
I wonder if you have got an example to show how an Angular SPA access a CORS enabled web api by adal.js? I’ve read your blog and Vittorio’s blog, the sample you both blogged about are very similar, only deal with SPA access it’s own API service. I need a sample to show how SPA access other API service through adal.js.
Thanks.
Hi Binjie,
Well allowing CORS is something you want to do on the server (API), so for your API part you need to follow step number step 10 & 11 from this post to enable CORS and accept XHR requests from any origin.
Thanks Taiseer. I will have a read.
Hi Taiseer,
Thanks for your work! I am also trying to implement a CORS scenario. But I am facing difficulty with Step 10. It requires us to implement the ‘SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider’ which in turn uses the ‘AuthRepository’ and ‘IdentityUser’ classes which we have not implemented.
Kindly suggest.
Regards,
Anurag
HI Taiseer,
Any idea when this will move out of preview and be an official release?
Hi Haydan, to be honest no, but you can drop @vibronet a message for clear details.
Once again Taiseer, excellent work.
Great it was useful Dane 🙂 Happy to help!
Superb article!
Can’t get this to work on IE 11 but works perfectly on Chrome. Maby a question without any an answer but any ideas about known bugs for this browser?
Hi Joans,
Thanks for your comment, well IE 11 should support localstorage where you save the access token and some other data returned by Azure AD. Is there any specific error? Try to fire f12 and monitor the errors section.
I have this all working great using an AAD I set up for a locally hosted application. When I was done with the initial testing phase I updated my AAD application to reference a real Azure Web Site and then created a second AAD application to use when testing locally. I updated my local web.config with the client ID of my new test AAD application and updated the clientId property in the adalAuthenticationServiceProvider call in my Angular configuration step. Now when I log in (running locally) I get an error from the AAD authentication and clearly in the error is the old clientId. I’ve performed a findstr search for that clientId value in my entire solution and it comes back empty. I tried clearing browser history/cookies as well with no luck. Any idea where the client is getting the previous clientId from?
You have updated the only 2 places where you store the client id, I guess there is issue with localstorage caching, can you try to run it in Chrome incognito mode?
Thanks Taiseer. When I came back to it this morning it suddenly started working. Seems it may have been some sort of caching issue.
Is it possible to use the ADAL JS library to manage tokens with any authorization server that implements the implicit grant flow? Or will this library only work with Azure AD?
I doubt it will work but to double check you can ask @vibronet
Thanks for a great post…is it possible to do AngularJS Authentication Using Azure Active Directory Authentication Library in a Multi Tenant environment? If so, could you provide details or an updated post. Thanks again
Hi BC,
I’m not 100% sure but I guess not, you can be sure by contacting @vibronet on twitter.
@BC did you find an answer for your question? thanks
Is it possible to use the same library for SPA without AngularJS (I am using Durandal)?
Hi Giorgio,
I believe this library is intended for AngularJS only, but you can make your own wrappers.
Great post Taiseer! Do you know if there’s a way to preserve a query string parameter (i.e. redirect_url) after the call back from Azure AD.
For example:
1) User tries to access: http://www.domain.com/#/protected_resource.
2) Gets redirected to: http://www.domain.com/#/login?redirect_url=protected_resource
3) User successfully logs in via Azure AD
4) Azure AD redirects back to http://www.domain.com, but redirect_url is no lost
I basically want to store the original url (from step 1) and redirect the user to this after he/she logs in.
Thanks in advance!
Hi Huan,
I understand the scenario but I do not have answer right now, I need to try it out, if I find something useful I will get back to you.
Thanks, Taiseer. I’ll dig around as well and let you know if I find a solution.
I am trying to use ui-router and breeze.js for my Angular App. I am successful in signing in into SPA but not able to forward the auth token to WebAPI. I used the requireADLogin:true in states of ui.router but not any help. I do not see the token going to WebAPI.
I do not have an answer for this now, I didn’t check the updates on ADAL recently but does it support now UI-router or traditional route provider only? If the second then I doubt it will work.
I need to add a role claim to the adal token from another database. How can this be done?
Interesting question, to be honest I dont have answer to this now.
As it happens, I just wrote a blogpost describing a similar scenario (http://itq.nl/combining-adal-js-with-role-based-security-in-asp-net-web-api/). In my case the ‘database’ from which I retrieve role information is Azure AD but the idea is the same.
Thanks for sharing this Ronald, I will take a look on the post soon.
You write •To be able to access the protected API end points, we need to send the token in the “Authorization” header using bearer scheme,
But for this you would need access_token, not id_token
Or am I missing something?
You are correct, if you want to access protected end point then you use the access token.
ADAL login returns only the id_token. How do I receive the access_token?
We hit the same problem. It looks like the whole chain is setup and hard-coded to use the flow with id_token, so you can’t get the access_token.
In theory – the acquireToken method should do that. Apparently something is missing – I filled it in and am hoping to submit a pull request soon, I’m having some issue with github at the moment, as soon as I do I’ll try to share it back here.
You can follow my repo so you’ll see when I resolve the issue and you’ll be able to download immediately. https://github.com/jnfsmile/azure-activedirectory-library-for-js
The demo site forced me to change the password – it is now AngularJS!!!
Note the extra exclamation point.
Thanks for the heads up, I should turn this off as users keep changing password for this account 🙂
It is possible usage account demo?
I guess yes, until the password has been changed.
Just a heads up, I changed the password back to AngularJS!! since it expired again.
Thanks Ben 🙂 I forgot what was the password, thanks for setting it back!
I get multiple “The returned id_token is not parseable.” console errors from
“AuthenticationContext.prototype._logstatus = function (msg) {
if (console) {
console.log(msg);
}
};”
when running the application.
Any ideas? 🙁
Hi Taiseer – thanks for this blog entry – it’s getting me started on an interesting journey! I’ve followed the steps and have got the authentication with AAD working. However, when I make the call to web api, it is returning a 401 unauthorised. The request header has a Authorization : Bearer token and the startup auth is set up as per the blog entry. Am I missing something obvious?
Hi Taiseer,
I noticed that in the ConfigureOAuth method, you wrote
Audience = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[“ida:ClientID”],
In another post (https://bitoftech.net/2014/09/12/secure-asp-net-web-api-2-azure-active-directory-owin-middleware-adal/) it is:
Audience = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[“Audience”],
Does it matter whether “Audience” is the client id or application url?
Hi, not it should be the same.
I was able to get this to work when the Web API and SPA are in the same solution and both have the same the same URL. But when I tried separating the Web API and the SPA into two different sites, I get a 401 Unauthorized message when calling the API from the SPA. Is it possible to separate the two?
Hi Erikk, yes you can do this, and I’m doing this on this post. Make sure it is not CORS issue that you need to enable it on the Api side.
Hello,
thank you Taiseer for this great post.
I am seeking some help here though.
I am using adal.js with angular. Everything work as expected except the token refreshing.
Indeed, if after 1 hour I do anything that issues an XHR to a protected resource then no more token is sent along with the request and I get stuck with a 401.
Shouldn’t be the token renewed silently by the hidden iframe?
Note that if I move to another state/view which has the RequierADLogin set to true then it aquires a new token and all is good.
Any ideas to get through this?
best,
Hi, see my comment above (https://bitoftech.net/2014/12/02/angularjs-authentication-using-azure-active-directory-authentication-library-adal/#comment-64438)
I’ve made a pull request but it’s still pending
Thank you Joe.
I solved my problem. By looking at the code of angular-adal.js I figured out that the “endpoints” parameter shouldn’t be optional in order to trigger the iFrame mechanism. Hence, adding endpoints: “api/v1”: “my_client_id” into the adalAuthenticationServiceProvider.init method solved the problem.
How exactly did you solve this issue. I’m still getting 401 after 1 hour. The iframe mechanism is not working for me.
Having read this I thought it was really informative. I appreciate you finding the time and effort to put this article together.
I once again find myself spending way too
much time both reading and posting comments. But so what,
it was still worth it!
Thanks Tine for your comment. Appreciated 🙂
Once again….GREAT POST!!!! Thank you for sharing and making such easy to follow and usefull tutorials.
We need to develop a WebAPI as backend wth Angular 1.x in the frontend, that allows both internal AAD Users, and External users, for which we would like to use the AAD B2C. Is there any way to “mix and match” AAD with AAD B2C?
If not, is there any other way to authenticate External users with External identity providers?
Best regards
We need to develop an angular app for both AAD users and External users. I configured AAD in angular using adal-angular4 library. If the user is external I want to navigate them to some other routes in the app. If the user is AAD user its working fine. For external user how can I navigate to other routes?